Basic knowledge of machine tool CNC

A. CNC machine tools and CNC systems

CNC means computer numerical control.

1.CNC machine tool

1) For metal cutting

Hole machining, tapping, boring, milling, turning, thread cutting, plane cutting, contour machining, plane grinding, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, etc.

2) Wire electrode cutting machine.

3) Presses, nibbling, stamping, metal forming, bending and other machine tools.

4) Industrial robots.

5) Injection molding machine.

6) Detection, measuring machine.

7) Woodworking machinery.

8) Special material processing machinery: such as processing stone, glass, and emissive mineral materials.

9) Special processing machinery

Laser processing machine, gas cutting machine, welding machine, drawing machine, printing machine and so on.

With the development of electronic technology and computer technology and IT technology, at present, these machine tools and processing equipment can be controlled by numerical data using numerical computers, known as CNC control.

2.CNC system

The meaning of the CNC system is the computer numerical control system.

The CNC control of the machine tool is an integrated multidisciplinary integrated control technology.

A CNC system includes: 1) CNC control unit (numerical controller section). 2) Servo drive unit and feed servo motor. 3) Spindle drive unit and spindle motor. 4) PMC (PLC) controller. 5) Input/output (I/O) unit of the control signal of the machine power cabinet (including the tool magazine). 6) The machine's position measurement and feedback unit (usually included in the servo drive unit). 7) External axis (mechanical) control unit. Such as: magazine, exchange workbench, loading and unloading manipulator and other drive shaft. 8) Information input/output devices. Such as computers, disk drives, memory cards, keyboards, and dedicated information devices. 9) Network. Such as Ethernet, HSSB (high-speed data transmission port), RS-232C port and processing site LAN.

The hardware of the CNC unit (controller part) is actually a dedicated microcomputer. It is the core of the control of the machine tool designed and produced by the CNC equipment manufacturer. The following figures show the basic hardware modules; basic control function modules and an actual controller hardware.