Heat metering reforms are promising

Foreword: Nowadays, the major provinces and cities in the north are all intensifying the reform of heat metering, which has also brought enormous development space to metering instruments along with energy saving and emission reduction.

Heat metering and temperature control make the house energy-efficient. China has a vast area, a large population, and a large-scale housing construction. Residential construction accounts for about 92% of residential buildings. The amount of residential construction is large and wide, and it is still rising. However, we must soberly realize that the rapid growth of our country’s vast housing and home construction is in exchange for the high consumption of resources and energy. In addition to using the most direct resource, land, the increase in residential energy consumption is A major limiting factor in the development of residential construction. At present, due to the poor thermal insulation and airtight properties of buildings in China, the thermal efficiency of heating systems is low, and the heating energy consumption per unit of residential building area is 3 times that of developed countries under the same climatic conditions. This shows that only by taking energy conservation measures can we maintain the sustainable development of the building.

The experience of heat metering abroad shows that the system based on calorie charges is the most effective means of urging users to consciously save energy. According to statistics, the “big pot of rice” type of heating package fee system was changed to charge users according to actual use of heat, which can save energy by 20%. ~30%. However, in our country, the implementation of welfare heating for a long period of time has been irrelevant to the user's interest. This is a major drawback left by the big pot system, and it is also one of the biggest obstacles to the energy saving of heating systems. According to the requirements of the National Energy Conservation Law, living energy must be measured and charged to users. This is a major reform that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, is an important measure for heating companies to change their operating mechanisms, and is a fundamental measure to promote building energy conservation. We can only mobilize the enthusiasm of heating and heating to promote energy conservation. Only by following the laws of market economy and using heat as a commodity, users can adjust and control their use and charge them according to a reasonable amount of utility heat.

The ultimate goal of implementing the heat-based charging of heating systems is building energy efficiency. To achieve this, in addition to strengthening building insulation and reducing design energy consumption, indoor heating systems must have temperature control devices. Temperature control is one of the preconditions for the realization of heat metering. Only metering the charging device without the temperature control of the indoor system can actually not achieve the purpose of energy saving, but only for the purpose of charging, which actually deviates from the fundamental purpose of building energy saving. Therefore, heat metering and temperature control are often inseparable. Although the large-scale promotion of heat metering must be carried out under the premise of temperature control, but in addition to energy-saving, cost-saving temperature control, its other role is to improve the indoor comfort and improve the quality of heating network heating. Therefore, heat metering must be used in conjunction with temperature control to complement each other and achieve the best results.

In foreign countries, especially in the Nordic countries, since the energy crisis of the 1970s, they have attached great importance to building energy conservation and have formulated relevant policies, regulations and corresponding technical measures. The centralized heating systems of developed countries in the world are all dynamic variable flow systems. Their adjustment and control technologies are advanced, their control methods are perfect, and their equipment quality is high. Usually the heat provided by a pipe network is exchanged into secondary heating hot water and domestic hot water in the heating station. In the secondary water system of the heating station, frequency conversion speed control pumps, differential pressure controllers, electric control valves, air temperature compensators and return water temperature limiters are installed. There is a complete set of mature heating system operating modes. Centralized heating billing by heat is a trend of development in various countries in the world, and it is also a basic measure for energy conservation and environmental protection in various countries. At present, except for Western developed countries that have adopted this measure, countries in Eastern Europe and countries in the former Soviet Union are gradually promoting it. At the same time, the corresponding technologies for centralized heating and heat billing have also been further developed. The dynamic adjustment of heating systems is more advanced, and the billing technology is more reliable and accurate. The entire heating calorie billing device has been miniaturized and computerized.

Thermal metering and temperature control companies are at the initial stage. Since the current heating charging system in China is based on area charges, the implementation of heating and energy saving is inhibited, and at the same time, problems such as the collection of thermal fees are difficult. At present, with the deepening of energy-saving research on heating, heat metering and temperature control have become the focus of attention and research in China's HVAC industry. As the research on heat metering and temperature control in China is in its infancy, there is a degree of blindness and tentativeness. There are some problems and disputes in the research. For example, is the foreign heat measurement method and promotion experience suitable for China's national conditions? Can foreign temperature control and heat metering products be fully applicable in China? What kind of system can apply measurement and temperature control? Faced with such a large market demand in China, what products are developed and what system methods are used can be economical, simple, and reliable, and meet the needs of comfort while achieving energy-saving goals? And so on, these need us to conduct more in-depth research and discussion. Some demonstration projects have been done on the establishment of heat supply systems and calorie measurement methods for heat measurement in residential buildings, and useful explorations have been made and certain results have been achieved. The research and development of temperature control and heat metering products has developed rapidly.

Intelligentization is the direction of future development. Metering products are rapidly advancing in the direction of intelligence, miniaturization, networking, and virtualization. Only from the perspective of civilian smart metering and control equipment, large-scale residential communities, schools, enterprises, and other users In the residential area of ​​the cluster, intelligent metering and control equipment products are everywhere.

Smart Metering applies advanced technologies such as microcomputer control technology, radio base station communication technology, and remote wired (wireless) communication technology to the daily lives of residents, effectively improving residents' awareness of energy conservation, and greatly facilitating residents' lives. Improve the efficiency of centralized management. Because smart meters have many advantages over traditional mechanical watches, smart meters will continue to grow rapidly. The smart industry covers many fields such as smart meters, sensors, intelligent software, and system integration, covering almost all industries and aspects of life. The intelligent industry is both a low-carbon economy and an advanced technology that is in line with the current overall economic development direction. The development of many emerging industries must use intelligent means to reduce and control the cost of traditional facilities and equipment. The intelligent industry has a good market development space.