Electric vehicle battery technology has always been the most important factor restricting the popularity of electric vehicles. With the rapid development of electric vehicles, various new battery technologies have been developed, among which the air battery is considered as the best candidate for energy, and the storage capacity is the lithium on the market. Ten times more than the battery is the future of electric vehicles driving remotely, but there are still many problems with the battery that need to be solved. Aluminum air battery Speaking of air batteries, you may have heard of air aluminum batteries. As early as January of this year, Fuji Color Co., Ltd. (not Fujitsu) announced that it has made a major breakthrough in aluminum air battery technology. Compared with lithium-ion batteries that Tesla is going to mass produce, the theoretical capacity of aluminum air batteries is more than 40 times. Fuji pigment stated that it will commercialize the project before the end of this year. As early as last year, Alcoa (Alcoa) and Israel's Phinergy stated that a battery pack for a test vehicle weighs about 100 kilograms and contains 50 battery plates. Only one aluminum air battery plate can drive the vehicle for about 32 kilometers. The mileage can reach 1600 kilometers. The company also said that the air cathode of the developed aluminum-air battery is equipped with a dedicated silver-based catalyst, which uses a unique and innovative structure that allows oxygen to pass smoothly, and can block carbon dioxide. With this innovative structure, the air cathode of the Phinergy aluminum-air battery can effectively avoid the problem of electrode carbonization, and its working life can thus reach thousands of hours. Lithium air battery Lithium-air batteries, also known as breathing cells, can take advantage of the energy generated by lithium metal reacting with oxygen in the air. In the past 20 years, lithium-air batteries have been widely studied around the world. Typically, this battery uses lithium metal as the anode material and the positive electrode is a porous, conductive carbon material. During discharge, lithium ions from the negative electrode react with the oxygen in the air at the positive electrode to produce a solid product called lithium peroxide that fills the pores of the carbon electrode. When charging, the chemical process reverses and lithium peroxide is decomposed to release oxygen. The storage capacity of this battery is theoretically 10 times that of lithium-ion batteries currently on the market, but there are several major defects in practical application. According to reports, the lithium-air battery reaction product lithium peroxide and reaction intermediate superoxide have a high reactivity, will decompose the electrolyte, so after a few charge and discharge cycles, the battery power will drop sharply, the battery life is Short; due to poor lithium peroxide conductivity, it is difficult to decompose during charging, requires a high charging voltage, but also lead to decomposition of electrolytes and carbon electrodes and other side effects; discharge, lithium peroxide will block the porous carbon electrode, leading to discharge in advance End; charging, the lithium metal anode surface dendritic growth to the cathode, and ultimately may lead to short-circuit, there is a hidden danger; lithium metal and air in the water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide will react, resulting in negative material consumption, and ultimately make the battery Failure. The researchers switched to using multi-layered macroporous graphene as the positive electrode material. Using water and lithium iodide as electrolyte additives, lithium hydroxide was eventually produced and decomposed, rather than the lithium peroxide in the previous battery. Lithium hydroxide is more stable than lithium peroxide, which greatly reduces side reactions in the battery and improves battery performance. Lithium iodide, in addition to helping to decompose lithium hydroxide, seems to have also played a role in protecting the lithium metal negative electrode, allowing the battery to have a certain immunity to excess water. The lithium-air battery model developed by the researchers has a capacity of about 3,000 watt-hours/kilogram, which is about 8 times that of existing lithium-ion batteries. It can be charged and discharged thousands of times, and the first cycle charge-discharge efficiency is as high as 93%. The researchers pointed out that this work has provided many new ideas for accelerating the development of lithium-air batteries, such as the use of multi-layer macroporous graphene electrodes and electrolyte additives to change the cell reaction products, reduce battery side reactions, and improve storage capacity. . According to reports, there are still many problems in the commercialization of such batteries. The current density of the battery is low and it is far from the current density required by the electric vehicle. It may take at least 10 years for the battery to become available for use in automobiles. summary: The battery is the core component of an electric vehicle and directly determines the most critical cruising range for electric vehicles. As new energy sources gradually heat up, the investment in the battery industry is also increasing. In the next few years, battery technology will usher in rapid development and remote electric vehicles will become possible.
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