The advantages of high-speed rail compared with ordinary railway

High passenger capacity

Congestion occurs on either the highway or the airport. The advantage of high-speed railways is that passenger capacity is very high.

If the journey is not based on a major city centre, the use of high-speed rail and interchange may only be similar to driving a car. However, high-speed railways do not require self-driving and are more comfortable. In addition, although high-speed railways are not as fast as airplanes, on a slightly shorter journey (below 650 km), high-speed trains do not need to go to the airport, which is usually far away, and do not require check-in, baggage check-in and security. Still more time-saving. As the high-speed railways can be arranged more frequently, their total passenger capacity is also much higher than that of civil aviation.

Large capacity

At present, almost all high-speed railroads in the world can meet the requirements for a minimum travel time of 4 minutes or less (up to 3 minutes in Japan). With a deductible maintenance time of 4 hours, approximately 280 pairs of passenger trains can be operated per day; for example, the average number of trains traveled per train. For 800 people, the annual average one-way transportation capacity will reach 820 million people; if double trains are used or double-decker buses are used, passengers will carry 165 million people. The 4-lane expressway passenger dedicated line can pass 1 250 cars per hour in one direction, and it can work 20 hours a day and can pass 25 000 vehicles. For example, a large sedan accounted for 20%, with an average of 40 passengers; a sedan accounted for 80%, and each vehicle took 2 passengers. The average annual one-way transportation capacity was 87.6 million. Air transport is mainly limited by airport capacity. For example, the capacity for annual take-off and landing of a dedicated runway is 120,000 vehicles, and the one-way transportation capacity of large passenger aircraft can only reach 15 to 18 million people.

high speed

Speed ​​is the most important symbol of high-speed railway technology. Countries are constantly improving the speed of trains. The maximum operating speeds of high-speed trains in France, Japan, Germany, Spain and Italy reached 300, 300, 280, 270 and 250 kilometers respectively. If further improvement, the operating speed can reach 350 to 400 kilometers per hour. In addition to the maximum operating speed, passengers are more concerned with travel time, and travel time is determined by travel speed. Take Beijing-Shanghai as an example. Under normal weather conditions, the entire journey time (including the urban area to the airport, the waiting time, etc.) is about 5 hours. If you take the direct train of the high-speed railway, the whole journey time is 5 to 6 hours, equivalent to the aircraft; if you take the existing railway train, it takes 15 to 16 hours; if compared with the highway, taking Shanghai to Nanjing as an example, the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway is 274 kilometers, and the average speed of the car is 83 kilometers per hour. The time is 3.3 hours, plus it takes 1.7 hours to enter and exit Shanghai and Nanjing, and travel time is 5 hours, while high-speed trains take only 1.15 hours.

Good safety

Since the high-speed railway is operated in a fully enclosed environment and has a series of comprehensive safety protection systems, its safety is unmatched by any means of transport. Since the advent of high-speed railways for 35 years, Japan, Germany, and France have shipped 5 billion passengers. Except for the accident of the ICE884 high-speed train running on the reconstruction line on June 3, 1998, no high-speed rail accidents occurred in all countries and no casualties were caused by accidents. This is rare in all modern modes of transportation. Several major high-speed railway countries will send out thousands of high-speed trains a day. Even if the accidents in Germany are included, the accident rate and casualties are far lower than those of other modern modes of transportation. Therefore, high-speed rail is considered the safest. In contrast, according to statistics, approximately 250,000 to 300,000 people are killed each year in the world due to road traffic casualties; in 1994, 47 aircraft crashed in global civil aviation traffic, and 1,385 people were killed and the death toll was higher than in the previous year. An increase of 25%, which is 20% higher than the average of the past 10 years. The average death toll per 1 billion person-km is as high as 140 people.

High punctuality rate

The high-speed railway is fully automated and can be operated around the clock unless an earthquake occurs. According to the Japanese Shinkansen wind speed regulation, if a wind wall is installed, high-speed trains will only decelerate even under strong wind conditions. For example, the wind speed reaches 25 to 30 meters per second, and the speed limit of the train is 160 km/hour; the wind speed reaches 30 to 35 meters per second (similar to 11 and 12 gale), the train speed limit of 70 km / h, without the need to stop. Airports, airports, and highways must be shut down in the event of severe weather such as dense fog, heavy rain and ice. The high punctuality rate is also one of the reasons why high-speed railways are popular with tourists. Due to the reliability of high-speed railway system equipment and high level of transportation organization, it is possible to achieve a very high positive rate of passenger trains. Spain stipulates that high-speed trains must return passengers’ full fare for more than five minutes late; Japan stipulates that if it takes more than one minute to send it, it will be delayed; if it is more than two hours late, it will have to refund the speeding-up fee for passengers. The average delay of the 1997 Tokaido Shinkansen train is only 0.3 minutes. The high punctuality of high-speed trains won the trust of travelers.

Comfortable and convenient
High-speed railways generally issue a train every 4 minutes. Japan sends a passenger bus every 3 and a half minutes during the peak of passengers. Passengers can basically go with them and do not need to wait. In order to facilitate passengers traveling, the operation of high-speed trains is regularized, and stations are fixed by trains. This is unmatched by any other kind of transportation. High-speed railway trains are equipped with luxurious interiors, complete working and living facilities, spacious and comfortable seats, good running performance, and smooth operation. Shock absorption, soundproofing, quiet inside the car. Traveling on a high-speed train is almost innocent and enjoyable.

Low energy consumption

If you compare energy consumption per person/km, compare the energy consumption. The high-speed rail is 1, then the sedan is 5, the bus is 2 and the airplane is 7. High-speed trains use electric traction, do not consume valuable liquid fuel such as oil, and can use various forms of energy.

Environmental impact is light

Nowadays, the focus of the developed countries on the choice of a new generation of vehicles is their small impact on the environment. The high-speed railway meets this requirement and is clearly superior to cars and aircraft.

Good economic results
Since the high-speed railway was put into operation, it has been favored by tourists and its economic benefits have also been considerable. Since the opening of the Tokaido Shinkansen in Japan, only seven years have been used to recover all construction funds. Since 1985, net profit has reached 200 billion yen each year. The annual net profit of the ICE intercity high-speed train in Germany amounts to 1.07 billion marks. The annual net profit of French TGV was 1.944 billion francs.

Differences from ordinary railways

1. The high-speed railway is very smooth to ensure traffic safety and comfort. The high-speed railways are all seamless rails, and the high-speed railway with a speed of over 300 kilometers per hour uses a ballastless track, which is a monolithic track bed without stones to ensure smoothness.

2. The high-speed railway has few corners and a large radius of bends. The turnouts are all high-speed turnouts.

3, a large number of elevated bridges and tunnels. To ensure smoothness and shorten the distance.

4. The contact network of high-speed railways means that the suspension of the wires on the top of the train is different from ordinary railways to ensure the contact stability and durability of high-speed EMUs. 5. The signal control system of the high-speed railway is higher than that of ordinary railways. Because of the high density of vehicles and the fast speed, the safety must be high.