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Quest: How did foreign agricultural cooperatives develop?
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Farmers' cooperatives as a new direction of China's modern agricultural development, the development prospects are immeasurable, the state is also strongly supportive, launched a series of preferential policies, the revision of the "Farmers' Cooperatives Law" in the previous period is even more exciting It has culminated in the creation of cooperatives by farmers.
China's agricultural cooperatives were established in the 1980s. After years of improvement and development, the scale of agricultural cooperative organizations has been continuously expanded, and the scope of cooperation has also expanded. Many types of cooperatives such as community share cooperation, land share cooperation and credit union have emerged.
At the end of 2014, the number of Chinese farmers' professional cooperatives reached 1,288,800. However, there are still some problems in the development, such as imperfect systems, unsound institutions, low farmers' accession rate, and weak overall competitiveness, which hinders the further development of agricultural cooperative organizations.
At present, China is in an important period of establishing a modern agricultural system. Unlike China, the development of farmer cooperatives in the United States, Japan, Germany, New Zealand and other countries is relatively mature. If China wants to further promote the development of farmer cooperatives, it needs to learn from foreign developed countries. The secret of the state operating agricultural cooperatives.
Today, the agricultural monarch brought everyone to see how the foreign agricultural cooperatives developed.
Quest: How did foreign agricultural cooperatives develop?
First, the United States
American agriculture is based on family farms. Cooperatives formed spontaneously in market competition have become the dominant mode of organization of agricultural production and management in the United States. These cooperatives are therefore also known as farmers associations. Its operation characteristics are mainly based on cooperation plus T and sales, and the level of specialization is high. Generally, only one or several agricultural products are used for supply and marketing cooperation.
The Farmers Association initially provided acquisition, storage and sales services and provided market information to farmers. Then the scope of business gradually expanded to the production and supply of production materials, agricultural products processing and trade. Management implements democratic and equal cooperation, and the association establishes a board of directors. The hired manager is fully responsible for the regular operation and management of El and operates according to the market mechanism. The US state government establishes legal status, conducts cooperative education and training, and provides various forms of direct or indirect assistance.
Second, Japan
Japan’s peasant cooperative organization is called “agricultural cooperative combination†(ie cooperative), referred to as the Japanese Agricultural Association. Its typical characteristics are regional and comprehensive. Et is based on the national conditions to establish a small-agricultural model of “agricultural association†organization. Highly organized and agricultural modernized.
Among them, the Agricultural Cooperatives provide comprehensive operations and services, mainly responsible for agriculture-related business guidance, as well as sales, purchase, and credit services. The farmer instructors have high academic qualifications and strong professional skills, and they play a good role in the front line of agriculture. The Agricultural Cooperatives are commissioned by farmers to provide sales services free of charge, and the products are unified. Send to the agricultural wholesale market at the upper or central level. There are plans to launch to the market. Stabilize market prices and protect the interests of farmers. The Agricultural Cooperative also provides public service resources and production facilities for farmers.
At the same time, the government's agricultural policy needs to be implemented through the Agricultural Cooperative System. It can be said that from production to circulation, from marriage and funeral to life and death, all aspects related to the rural economy and peasant life are the scope of the agricultural association.
Third, Germany
Germany is the birthplace of the world's rural cooperatives. The rural cooperatives are now located in rural Germany, and the rural cooperatives in Germany particularly emphasize the role of the government in the construction of rural cooperatives.
At the same time, the government has given agricultural cooperatives entrepreneurship funding in terms of labor costs, office equipment, etc., and has invested in procurement, processing, sales, warehousing, packaging and other aspects.
In addition, the rural cooperatives in Germany emphasize the cooperation between cooperatives and divide them into a large network according to the scope of business operations. The rural cooperatives establish a fixed cooperative relationship between production, processing, acquisition, sales, credit, etc. Each link has established a self-contained and joint business network, resulting in better scale operating benefits.
Fourth, the United Kingdom
In 1844, the British Rohdale Fair Pioneer Consumer Cooperative, established in the industrial town of Roxdale in the northern part of the industrial city of Manchester, became a British cooperative. In 1867, Glinin, a member of the Roxdale Fair Pioneer, formed a federation of agriculture and fruit trees to sell fertilizers and feeds and became an early agricultural cooperative in the UK. After more than 100 years of development, the scale has continued to expand.
At the end of 2011, the number of cooperatives in the UK reached 5,933, with 13.5 million members, and annual sales reached 35.86 billion pounds (1 pound is about 9.22 yuan, 2016), involving 11 industries including dairy products, cattle, sheep and land. In every area of ​​the UK's rural communities and urban centers, providing technical services to farmers, it also provides information on legal aid, planting and aquaculture planning, tax assistance, marketing strategies, agricultural technology promotion, and industry information exchange.
V. New Zealand
The New Zealand Cooperative originated in the mid-19th century and is a basic form of agricultural management and development in New Zealand. New Zealand's farmers' cooperative organizations include farmers' associations, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural companies and agricultural associations. Among them, cooperatives and associations are two forms of organization that have a large number of developments and a large impact.
At present, there are more than 100 cooperatives in New Zealand. The annual production value of cooperative members is S$19 billion (1 Singapore dollar is about 4.38 yuan), accounting for 19% of New Zealand's annual gross domestic product. There are various types of agricultural cooperatives, and they are highly specialized. Corresponding cooperatives have been established in different agricultural products and service fields, such as dairy cooperatives, rural trade cooperatives, rural insurance cooperatives and agricultural supply cooperatives.
After reading it, do you think that China’s agricultural cooperatives should indeed be rushing forward, so how do you do that? Agriculture Jun summed it up to 4 points and hoped to help everyone:
First, improve laws and regulations
Cooperatives in Germany, the United Kingdom and New Zealand have complete laws and regulations and detailed contents. The government regulates cooperative operations through laws and strengthens self-development capabilities.
Although China promulgated the Law on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives, it has made provisions for farmers' professional cooperatives. However, there are no specific regulations on regulating the behavior of farmers' cooperatives and protecting the basic rights and interests of members, and there are problems such as blurred borders and unclear attributes of cooperatives.
Therefore, China should constantly improve the laws and regulations of cooperatives and formulate corresponding supplementary policies. Clarify the registered capital of the cooperative and the funding requirements of the members, and strengthen the cooperative financing and mutual fund assistance functions. Strengthen organizational governance, external audit system, and standardize cooperative supervision system.
Second, increase financial support policy
At the beginning of the establishment of professional cooperatives in various countries, they need the strong support of the government finance. The establishment and improvement of financial incentive policies is the guarantee for the rapid development of professional cooperatives.
In addition, at present, China has a shortage of funds for farmers' cooperatives and the lack of financial funds. It is necessary to increase the financial subsidies and support of professional cooperatives, provide tax incentives for discount loans, tax reduction and tax exemption, promote the cooperation and enthusiasm of professional cooperatives, and encourage the establishment and development of farmers' professional cooperatives. In addition, establish a multi-channel financing platform, vigorously develop farmers' cooperative financial organizations, improve the rural financial system, and provide financial discounts on professional loans of farmers' cooperatives.
Third, enhance the ability of agricultural research
The professional quality of farmers and the level of agricultural science and technology directly determine the development level of farmers' cooperatives. In this respect, all countries pay great attention to the vocational education and training of farmers and the advancement of agricultural science and technology.
On the one hand, it is necessary to vigorously develop agricultural vocational and technical schools and establish an agricultural education system based on medium and higher agricultural education and peasant vocational training. The agricultural sector cooperates with some vocational training institutions, entrusts social institutions to carry out education and training on modern agricultural technology, and improves the technical level of agricultural employees. On the other hand, the government should increase investment in agricultural research, give play to the positive role of agricultural research institutions, promote technological innovation, establish agricultural technology research and development and innovation platforms, and improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products. Strengthen the training of new technicians of professional and technical personnel, establish a team of high-quality agricultural technicians, and improve the agricultural science and technology promotion system.
Fourth, improve the level of agricultural social services
The scale development of cooperatives has a close relationship with rural socialized services. The level of agricultural socialization services directly determines the scale and level of cooperative development.
The government should vigorously support professional service companies, establish production services such as arable land, irrigation, plant protection, harvesting, transportation, and promote socialized services for agricultural production. Promote rural financial institutions such as village banks, microfinance companies, rural mutual funds, rural leasing, and guarantee companies to improve the efficiency of financial services and enhance the supply of rural financial services. Improve the agricultural information collection and release system, reduce marketing expenses, implement a loose access policy, and develop modern circulation services for agricultural products. We will implement the system of claiming and purchasing and selling ledgers, and strengthen the construction of a quality and safety traceability system for agricultural products.
Many people say that agriculture is a weak industry and an industry with relatively low benefits. In fact, from the basic production to the final consumption of industrialized comprehensive benefits calculation, agriculture is very promising, and is also one of the highly profitable investment industries.
Farmer cooperatives are an effective way for you to realize your own interests.
Therefore, in agricultural production and management, as long as you choose the right method and start or join the agricultural cooperative according to your own conditions, you can get rich returns in the agricultural field.
In the future, how do you play with farmers' cooperatives?