I. Overview corrosion resistant screw barrel,corrosion resistant conical screw barrel,screw barrel for foam making Zhoushan Dinghai Jinxing Plastic Machinery Factory , https://www.jinxingscrew.com
Copper and copper alloy products: casting products, pressure processed products, which can be divided into plates, strips, tubes, rods, wire, strip, foil, profiles, and other forms of powder products; copper and copper alloy production technology Mainly refers to alloy smelting, ingot casting, pressure processing and special processes. In the past half century, copper processing technology has been rapidly developed, and the copper processing industry has been highly automated, becoming an important part of modern large industry, of which major Technological advances include: induction furnace melting, semi-continuous casting, horizontal continuous casting, continuous casting, continuous casting and rolling, sheet and coil production, coil extension, non-oxidation annealing, etc. The production process is shortened, consumption is reduced, product quality is stable, and economic benefits are improved. In terms of the development direction of copper processing technology, in the future, it will develop along the direction of adapting to high, excellent and demanding products, and continuously introduce and develop high-precision technology. Further shorten the traditional production process, further improve the product yield and product quality, and reduce various consumption; for those products that are widely used, they should constantly establish special
Second, alloy smelting and ingot
1. Vacuum melting and ingot copper alloy vacuum melting is mainly used to produce electric vacuum oxygen-free copper, nickel alloy, copper alloy containing easily oxidized burning elements, such as copper- zirconium alloy, vacuum melting can remove harmful elements such as arsenic in copper. 锑 , 铋 , phosphorus and other elements, electric vacuum oxygen-free copper copper content up to 99.99%, oxygen content less than 3PPM; in the process of vacuum melting alloy, can also be filled with argon gas to reduce metal loss. China's self-produced vacuum The furnace capacity is 10~1000 thousand yuan, single-die casting in vacuum chamber, the mold is iron mold, acid or alkaline tantalum crucible, graphite crucible, etc. High-strength and high-conductivity copper- chromium -zirconium- magnesium alloy generally adopts vacuum Smelting, zirconium content can reach 0.2~0.4%, the process is: electric copper + copper-chromium alloy → furnace, vacuum, vacuum 6X10PA - melting, copper temperature 1250 ~ 1300 degrees → phosphor bronze, magnesium copper Deoxidation → argon-filled gas, adding copper-zirconium intermediate alloy and copper-magnesium intermediate alloy → cast iron mold casting.
The furnace for copper alloy vacuum melting in foreign countries can reach 1.5 liter capacity. In the vacuum chamber, multi-die ingot can be cast, and the ingot can be continuously pushed to the vacuum outside. Vacuum semi-continuous casting and vacuum horizontal continuous casting are also used. The vacuum induction furnace produced is equipped with automatic feeding, automatic material feeding, automatic temperature measurement and other devices.
With the development of the electronics industry, China's electric vacuum can not meet its purity and quality requirements, including 99.99% copper, oxygen-free copper with oxygen content less than 3PPM, must be produced under vacuum; in addition, steel horizontal continuous casting crystallization The demand for copper-chromium-zirconium-magnesium alloys has increased, and the casting specifications require 295-500 mm. Therefore, the development of large-capacity vacuum induction furnaces and melting technology is more important.
2. Non-vacuum induction melting, semi-continuous casting induction melting furnace has low frequency, high frequency, iron core, no iron core, iron core induction furnace is suitable for complex alloy production, iron core induction melting furnace for single Large-volume copper and alloy ingot production. Widely used in smelting and casting technology--protection, new covering agent and flux, electromagnetic casting, melting filtration technology also started trial; China's induction melting furnace capacity from 150 kg to 10 tons, Smelting furnace and holding furnace combined furnace group, one for melting, one for refining and feeding to semi-continuous casting machine, with high production efficiency and good sealing performance, can produce oxygen-free copper and integrated circuit for common electric vacuum The lead frame is made of alloy ingots. The ingots can be up to 170X640X4800mm and the single weight is up to 7 tons. The largest foreign induction melting furnace group is equipped with liquid level automatic control, automatic temperature measurement, automatic oxygen measurement and hydrogen measurement device. Next]
 3. Non-vacuum induction melting, horizontal continuous casting
Horizontal continuous casting technology has experienced tremendous development in the past ten years, mainly as follows:
Horizontal continuous casting for billet production, can be directly cold rolled, the most widely used is horizontal continuous casting tin phosphor bronze, coil blank, width 200-250 mm, thickness 10~15 mm, in horizontal connection During the casting process, the double-sided milling of the blank is automatically realized. The thickness of the milling chip is 0.4~0.6 mm. The purpose is to remove the back segregation of tin. The horizontal coil continuous unit introduced in China since the late 1970s is mainly WERTLI of Switzerland 2 -440MM unit, original West Germany TECHNICA-GUSS company 1-650MM unit, Austria MCTA-THERM company 2X450MM unit.
Horizontal continuous casting tube for coil stretching, eliminating the need for hot extrusion. The most successful example is horizontal continuous casting with phosphorus deoxidized copper 90X8.5-105X10 mm tube blank. After milling, it is sent to high speed rolling tube. Then, using the coil production method, directly produce the air conditioner tube.
Most factories in China also use small horizontal continuous casting machines to produce complex alloy pipe bar blanks, which use the British Luotong Meide horizontal continuous casting component brass pipe for the production of automotive synchronizer ring.
 4. The method of continuous casting on the lead is the first use in Finland in the 1970s. It can produce tubes, rods and wire blanks. The design of the Yantai copper plant in China is 42X4 mm. It is directly used for the production of air-conditioning pipes. The upper lead unit cooperates with the Y-type rolling mill to realize continuous casting and rolling of copper wire rods, and produces 6~8 mm bright copper wire rods, which replaces the copper wire rod rolling method, laying a foundation for the production of special long wires. It has a wide application prospect in the production of high-speed train wires.
The performance and internal quality of the upper casting pipe have fully met the requirements of air conditioning heat pipe. Shandong Yantai Copper Plant has built an annual output of 8000 copper pipe workshop, all using the upper tube blank, the performance of the tube and the performance of the air conditioning pipe. Into the table 1. At present, the furnace is widely used, one is alloy smelting, and the other is used for the upper tube blank, which solves the technical problem of uniform distribution of alloying elements, and makes the upper alloy tube blank become a reality.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of the cast tube blanks (MM) Tensile strength (MPA) Elongation (%)
40X4 187 51
50X5 186 50
60X5 184 48
70X6 180 48
80X8 181 49
Third , the modern production technology of strip and strip In the production of copper and its alloy strip, hand workshop production has been replaced by modern roll production methods, including: large ingot hot rolled coil production, double Face milling, high-precision rolling, pass-through pad annealing and protective hood annealing, bending and bending, automatic cutting, etc., widely used in the production of microcomputer control, automatic recording of process parameters, pressure, tension, roll type automatic Advanced technologies such as volume adjustment and adjustment, automatic alignment, plate type control, online inspection; In order to realize the modern production of strip and strip, since the 1980s, China has introduced a series of advanced four-roll strip rolling mill equipment and West Germany Ke company stove.
In the strip and strip products, high-precision lead frame strips for integrated circuits reflect the technological advances in this field. The production process is:
KFC (99.80% CU-0.05%FE-0.015%P)→Ingot 170X620, 1070X4-5 meters, weight 4-5→ coal heating 850-870°C, micro-oxidation atmosphere→hot rolling 13MMX650.1070 volume, longitudinal thickness deviation ±0.15MM→double-sided milling 12.4MM→four-roll cold rolling mill 450/diameter 1070X1250MM cold rolling to 1.2MM, vertical and horizontal thickness deviation ±0.02MM→nitrogen protective cover annealing furnace 480 °C soft annealing→four-roll cold Rolling mill 260/ 700X750MM rolling mill, plate type control, ESSON60 lubrication, processing rate 15-35%, finished product processing rate 20-30% → pad annealing furnace 500 ° C, 10-30 m / min pass speed → alkali wash oil cleaning → Straightening and straightening, residual deformation is less than 10I → finished shear 630 slitting finished product thickness 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 mm, width ≥ 16MM, length 200-500 meters, performance 6B6390-440MPA, 10% 4.5-15.5HV115- 135, conductivity 82-90% IACS → packaging.
In the production of good plate type products, the straightening and straightening technology is very important. The working principle is that under the tension, the strip is subjected to repeated bending and straightening, which produces different degrees of plastic deformation on the cross section of the strip. The metal extension along the strip section tends to be uniform, and the strip is subjected to alternating tensile stress and compressive stress, so that the residual stress is released. The straightening and straightening machine column generally includes: front tension roller set, tension measurement Roller, multi-roller straightening machine, centering box, front and rear crimping machine column, etc. [next]
  Fourth, the modern production technology of pipe rod line is to meet the needs of many brands, bars and lines, and the modern production technology is also diverse, mainly casting, extrusion---stretching, squeezing--rolling-- Pulling, pulling, straight stringing, etc., but the most important method is still the extrusion-rolling-drawing production method. The mature technology used in production is: ingot induction heating, water sealing extrusion, horizontal Movable mold base, high-speed ring-shaped rolling tube, moving core head stretching, internal thread tube planetary mold rolling, Shuma format drawing and straightening, pass-through protection--bright annealing, etc. The fastest development, the idea of ​​this technology is: increase the single weight of the tube blank, can be hot extrusion, or horizontal continuous casting, long tube blank by high-speed cold rolling or linear long broach stretching, so that The pipe is made into a tray, and then the disc is stretched, and finally the length according to the user's demand is refined, that is, the production method of the backward straight strip method is changed, thereby improving the yield of the pipe and the product quality, and realizing the high automation of the production process; The method is mainly used for adding phosphorus copper water pipe and empty
(1) British CERRO Brass Company: Ingot 254X560MM→50MN hydraulic press 50X2.5MM, 70m long tube blank→Pull pull 20X1.0MM finished tube;
(2) Finnish Otto Kun tube , horizontal continuous casting 90X23MM tube blank length 13000MM → milling surface 89.4X22.8MM → planetary rolling mill 47X2.3MM → coiled air conditioning tube;
Upper cast tube blank 110X12MM, length 12000 mm→120 degree direction milling outer surface→Pierger mill, 47X2.0MM, length 157 m→online annealing, 300 m/min→string pull, pan, horizontal roll→bright annealing 650 ° C, 1.8 hours → finishing finishing → light pipe, plastic coating;
In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the air-conditioning pipe, the production technology of the internally-threaded pipe with the groove in the pipe is rapidly developed. Compared with the light pipe of the same specification, the material is destroyed by the flattening state due to the increase of the heat-dissipating area, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved by 1.5 times, and the convection is improved. The force is only increased by 3-5%, so the refrigeration equipment in the air conditioner is developing in a short and light direction. At present, the production technology of the internal thread air-conditioning tube has two methods of straight pull and disc stretching, but the key technology is internal thread forming, the most used. A wide range of methods are carried out by rolling a high-speed rotating planetary mold on the outside of a pipe with a grooved inner core. The forming process includes the full diameter of the light pipe, the internal thread rolling, the sizing and the like, etc. The threaded tube tooth shape changes, the use of strips with grooves, the production technology of argon arc welded threaded tubes is quietly emerging.
The production technology of internally threaded pipe and coil has been highly valued by China's copper processing enterprises. Since the 1980s, advanced production technology and equipment have been introduced from abroad, and a specialized production line has been established. The production capacity of air-conditioning pipes in China has reached 40,000 tons. Meet the needs of the air conditioning industry.
   V. Special processing technology In order to meet the needs of the national economy and high-tech for copper materials, special processing technology has been developed, including: high-precision shaped copper strip, ultra-thin electrolytic copper foil, internal oxidized point strengthening, various metals Laser surface strengthening, semi-solid molding, profile casting, and particle-enhanced particle control are highlighted as follows:
1. High-precision shaped copper strip transistor profiled frame with high-precision copper strip, generally high-strength and high-conductivity alloy containing phosphorus and silver . The section consists of thick and thin sides, with a thick side of 1.27 mm and a thin side of 0.38 mm. With a bandwidth of 68 mm and a length of more than 200 m, the production method is such as hole rolling, milling, high-speed forging to produce profiled section blanks, and then high-precision rolling. The key to the technology is high-precision rolling, which must be thick. The edge and the thin joint extension coefficient are equal, otherwise the shaped strip type can not meet the needs of users.
2. Internal Oxidation Dispersion Strengthening Oxygen-free Copper Electrovacuum requires oxygen-free copper. No deformation occurs during hydrogen gas welding at 930 °C. It is difficult to achieve the alloying method. Oxidation point diffusion strengthening method is commonly used at home and abroad. 2 O 3 .
3. Large-area multi-section special-shaped casting technology To meet the needs of copper handicrafts, especially giant bronze statues, it is necessary to cast large-area, thin-walled special-shaped copper castings with a casting area of ​​up to 6 m square and a wall thickness of 6 to 10 mm. Sand casting method is very difficult. In recent years, resin sand molding and investment casting have been widely adopted and developed at home and abroad. After the molten metal is poured into the sand mold, the model is ablated, filled with metal melting, and has a short process flow and casting surface. The characteristics of smooth and artistic image perfection. In 1997, Luoyang Copper Processing Factory successfully developed copper- aluminum -nickel- indium- based imitation gold material, and successfully used the resin sand casting technology to build a total height of 20 meters. The "Nanhai Guanyin bronze statue" with a total weight of 70, which is eroded by the open air of the ocean, is still golden light, and is called the world's largest imitation gold bronze statue by foreign media.