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The general method of troubleshooting CNC system: When the alarm occurs in the CNC system, the maintenance personnel should not rush to handle, but should observe and test more.
1, fully investigate the fault site: This is an important means for maintenance personnel to obtain first-hand material. On the one hand, it is necessary to investigate the operator, ask in detail the entire process of the failure, view the trouble ticket, understand what happened, what measures have been taken, etc.; on the other hand, we must do a detailed survey on the site. From the appearance of the system to the printed circuit boards inside the system, care should be taken to see if there are any anomalies. Check that there is no danger in the system power, there may be power, observe the system any abnormalities, CRT display content.
2. Carefully analyze the cause of the failure: The current level of intelligence in the CNC system is relatively low, and the system cannot automatically diagnose the exact cause of the failure. Often the same alarm number can have multiple causes and it is not possible to narrow the fault to a specific component. Therefore, when analyzing the causes of failures, we must open our minds. It is often the case that self-diagnosis of a part of the system is faulty, but its origin is not in the CNC system but in the mechanical part. Therefore, whether it is the CNC system, machine power, or mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc., as long as it may cause the cause of the failure, it should be listed as comprehensively as possible, conduct comprehensive judgments and screening, and then pass the necessary tests. The purpose of diagnosis and eventual troubleshooting is achieved. Another important cause of failure of the CNC system that is difficult to detect is interference. Based on experience, there are roughly the following reasons.
(1) The assembly process problem of the machine tool manufacturer: The poor performance of the assembly process is reflected in the performance of the interference. 1 There is no point grounding method. Some machine tools are produced in order to save time and work, and they are grounded nearby. As a result, many points are grounded and a circulation is formed. 2 Due to improper selection of grounding points or poor contact, even the grounding resistance caused by cold welding will cause noise interference. 3CNC system and the host signal communication, many of which are connected by shielded wire, if improperly handled on the shielded ground, they are not connected according to the regulations (if any shielded ground can only be connected to the system side, but can not be connected to the machine side, As shown in Figure 4.3-1) is also a cause of interference.
(2) Strong electric interference: Contactors, relays and other electromagnetic components in the power cabinet of CNC machine tools are all interference sources of the CNC system. When the AC contactor and the AC motor are frequently started and stopped, the electromagnetic induction phenomenon will cause noises such as spikes or surges in the control circuit of the CNC system and interfere with the normal operation of the system. Therefore, we must take measures to eliminate these electromagnetic interferences. Normally, the RC network is connected in parallel at the two ends of the AC contactor coil or the three-phase input of the AC motor, and is inhibited by inverting the freewheeling diode into the DC contactor or the coil of the DC solenoid valve. The interference noise generated by these appliances (as shown in Figure 4.2-3). However, it should be noted that the connection of these incorporated absorption networks should not be greater than 20 cm. Otherwise, the effect is not ideal. At the same time, check the input power supply of the control circuit of the CNC system. Generally, multiple surge absorbers are connected in parallel between power lines, as shown in Figure 4.3-3, so as to effectively absorb the spike voltage in the power grid and play a certain role in protection.
(3) Interference of power supply lines: Power supply lines interfere due to power shortages and unstable power supply frequencies in local areas in China, and unreasonable distribution of power grids by users. The phenomena can be summarized as overpressure, undervoltage, frequency and phase drift, harmonic distortion, common mode noise, and norm noise. The following measures can be taken to feed power line disturbances. 1 In areas with large changes in grid voltage, electronic voltage regulators should be added before the input power to the CNC system to feed the grid voltage fluctuations. If you can join the power regulator, the effect is better, but not in series with the autotransformer. 2 The capacity of the power supply circuit of the user's factory shall be able to meet the requirements of the electrical capacity of the numerical control machine tool. 3 CNC machine tools should avoid sharing the trunk line with EDM equipment and high-power equipment that starts and stops frequently to avoid the interference of these devices through the power supply line into the CNC system. Imported pump 4 CNC machine equipment should be placed away from IF frequency furnaces, high-frequency induction furnaces and other frequency conversion equipment.
3, hands-on repair: Once the fault site has been found, but there is no replaceable spare parts at hand, the method can be used for transplantation, as an emergency measure to solve. For example, a component is broken (such as NAND gates or triggers, etc.), but the damage is often only a part of the component, and the other parts are still good. In the design of printed circuit boards, only part of the components is used, and not all of them are fully used. At this point, unused spare parts can be taken for emergency use. The specific approach is to cut off the pins (including the input and output pins) of the damaged part, and then the signal input and output lines are led by the area lines to the spare component pins.
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