Electronic Technology - Fundamentals of the IoT vision

With the rapid development of technologies, applications and business models, more and more networked devices are entering everyday life, bringing more convenience to life and creating a huge market opportunity .

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According to a report by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA), IoT devices are the key products of the consumer electronics industry in 2016 and are expected to generate a market value of US $ 287 billion. Research firm IDC believes that things Internet market will reach 8.9 trillion US dollars by 2020, Morgan Stanley more predicts that the Internet of Things will create 14.4 trillion dollars revenue in the next 10 years.

Behind this business opportunity for networking, not only the key technologies of the electronics industry, the development of key components and the ability to customize services have played an important supporting role, and the Internet of Things applications have also created the driving force for the electronics industry in the next 10 years.

Electronic technology to achieve the vision of the Internet of things

IoT system architecture can be roughly divided into the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer, the three layers of their respective roles, but interlocked, the common structure of the Internet of Things services. The perception layer is the foundation of the IoT architecture and is responsible for data collection, storage and simple operations. The perception layer varies with the type of IoT application. The perception layer is usually applied to the consumer end such as wearable devices, smart appliances, smart cars, Service robots, etc., if it is used in industrial / commercial environment, it may be smart machines, drone, environmental sensors.

The network layer in the perception layer above, is responsible for data transmission to the cloud platform, user-friendly access to information through the network platform, usually using 3G / 4G, Wi-Fi and other long-distance wireless communications technology. The top-level application layer analyzes and calculates various data collected by the terminal equipment of the Internet of Things to realize various applications of things, including environmental testing, smart power, intelligent transportation, industrial monitoring, smart home , City management and more.

From this point of view, the Internet of Things requires a variety of different technologies, the bottom and middle use of electronic and communications technology, the upper you have to rely on cloud computing, mass data analysis, data mining, business intelligence analysis, application software / mobile App technology, Among them, the terminal structure of IoT, which is constructed by electronic technology, is the basis for realizing the vision of Internet of Things. Data can be collected through terminal equipment to generate follow-up applications.

Five chips in the chip technology trends

At present, the chips used in the Internet of Things terminal equipment basically include the following five blocks: a microcontroller, a sensor, a power management, an embedded memory, and a wireless communication.

The sensors are usually used according to the application scenarios and purposes. The common ones are temperature, vibration, gyroscope, humidity, pressure, height, etc. The power management may also have different designs depending on the application of the terminal. For example, wearable devices Emphasis on improving battery efficiency to extend the battery standby time, and smart cars may use more powerful processors, power management IC should try to reduce the heat generated in order to help equipment cooling and improve operational stability.

Embedded memory is Flash memory, non-volatile memory (NVM), static random access memory (SRAM) three options, due to the end of the Internet of things on the battery life expectancy up to 5 to 10 years, This makes the SRAM with low leakage characteristics and high-endurance NVM, gradually become the new darling of the market.

As for wireless communications, the past, the more commonly used is Zigbee, RFID, Bluetooth and other sensing network technology, or 2G, Wi-Fi, LTE, etc., but with the IoT market has been the lack of uniform standards, coupled with existing technology in use The inability to fully address the needs of the Internet of Things has led to the advent of more and more low-power wide area network (LPWA) technologies such as LoRaWAN, UNB, NB-IoT (narrowband cellular Internet of Things) There are different supporters, for example: IBM, Cisco LoRaWAN support technology, Huawei is actively promoting the NB-IoT industry ecological construction.

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