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The increasingly stringent automotive emission standards impose higher requirements on automotive supercharger systems. The implementation of the Chinese IV standard means that new models equipped with superchargers must be fitted with boosters that have been technologically upgraded, thus providing huge business opportunities for turbocharger companies. On the battlefield where no smoke can be seen, domestic and foreign turbocharger companies compete with each other and compete fiercely.
Turbocharger industry heats up
High efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection are the main goals of engine technology development. Turbocharging technology can greatly improve engine dynamics and economy, and reduce pollutant emissions in exhaust gas. After the implementation of the National III emission standards, domestic diesel engine manufacturers used advanced technologies such as new fuel pumps, high-pressure fuel injection, exhaust gas recirculation, booster and Intercooler. In order to meet the national IV emission standards, higher-pressure electronically controlled fuel injection, variable geometry cross-section pressurization and intercooling, cooled exhaust gas recirculation, multi-valve technology and variable intake vortex technology will be applied.
Foreign advanced technology provides reference for China's diesel engine, especially supercharger technology. At the same time, foreign well-known turbocharger companies have entered China strongly, making the supercharger market fiercely competitive. The application of foreign advanced supercharging technology will promote supercharger enterprises in China to improve their product technology.
The market size of turbochargers for vehicles will increase by 20%-30% annually. It is assumed that in 2015, domestic automobile production and sales will reach 20 million vehicles, of which passenger cars will account for 70%, reaching 14 million; commercial vehicles will account for 30%. Up to 6 million vehicles. If the proportion of passenger cars equipped with supercharged engines reaches 20%, that is, 2.8 million turbocharged models, the proportion of commercial vehicles equipped with supercharged engines will reach 55%, that is, 3.3 million supercharged models, and the installed capacity of domestic supercharged engines. Up to 6.1 million units. It is estimated that in 2015, the demand for turbochargers in China's auto parts market will be around 4 million units. In total, the total demand for domestic turbochargers is around 10 million units.
At present, the basic pattern of the supercharger market in China is that the products produced by the self-owned brand enterprises mainly occupy the middle and low-end markets, and are entering the high-end market. The market share of self-owned brand products has expanded year by year, and the market share of joint venture brands has narrowed year by year. The advantage of joint venture brand products is their reliability, and independent brand enterprises are working hard to narrow the technological gap. In addition, there is still a gap in brand influence between self-branded companies and joint-venture branded companies, which is one of the reasons why OEMs first choose foreign brands on high-end machines.
The rise of independent brand enterprises
Statistics show that in 2009 China sold a total of 3.6 million turbochargers. There are about 2 million domestic matching host machines and the rest are used in the aftermarket. From the perspective of manufacturers’ market share, the international giants produced 1.54 million units in sole proprietorships and joint ventures in China, including 600,000 Honeywell (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 520,000 Cummins turbocharged technology companies, and Ishikawa, Jiangsu. Turbocharger Co., Ltd. has 100,000 units, BorgWarner (Ningbo) Turbocharger Co., Ltd. has 220,000 units, and Shanghai Linghe Supercharger Co., Ltd. has 100,000 units. In 2009, Hunan Tianyan, Shandong Fuyuan, Shouguang Kangyue and Ningbo Tianli produced a total of 1 million turbochargers, of which Tianyan ranked first with 390,000 units, Fuyuan 280,000 units, and Kangyue 220,000. Taiwan, the other turbocharger plant to provide 106 million units.
From the perspective of production and sales data, Hunan Tianyan is a well-deserved leader in domestic independent brand supercharger enterprises. The company's supercharger capacity is 400,000 units, diesel engine supercharger has a large number of supporting, gasoline engine supercharger has been successfully developed, and a small amount of supply to the domestic accessories market, ranked third in the domestic industry, second only to Horny Vail and Cummins ranked first in the self-owned brand enterprises, supporting Yuchai, Dachai, Xichai and other OEMs.
Shouguang Kangyue mainly focuses on diesel engine superchargers. Gasoline engine superchargers have also been successfully developed. For various reasons, they have not yet entered the mainframe supporting market. Ningbo Tianli Turbocharger Co., Ltd. is the same as Kangyue. However, domestic automakers are still uncomfortable with their own brand supercharger. 
Foreign-funded enterprises occupy high-end market
As China's auto market continues to expand, demand continues to increase, and huge market potential is being released. The government has introduced relevant policies to promote the development of the automobile industry, which has greatly promoted the increase in car sales. Therefore, many supercharger production plants in foreign countries have begun to target the Chinese market and have established a foothold in China with wholly-owned or joint ventures. Such as the United States, Honeywell, BorgWarner, Eaton, Cummins, Japan's Ishikawajima grinding mill, Mitsubishi, and Germany's Mahle.
The product technology of these companies comes from foreign headquarters. The varieties have formed serialization, advanced technology reserves, flexible operating mechanisms, excellent production equipment and brand advantages. They have seized domestic high-end product markets, and the competition in the mid-end market with domestic companies is extremely fierce. Mahler and Bosch have recently established a joint venture to develop, produce and sell turbochargers. Mass production has started recently. It is reported that the joint venture company is preparing to build a factory in China. All these have brought great opportunities for the development of China's supercharger market, and at the same time have brought certain pressure on independent brand supercharger companies.
The strategy of foreign-funded enterprises in the turbocharger market in China has begun to show results. The domestic turbocharger market for passenger cars has been largely occupied by foreign-invested companies. For example, BorgWarner, Honeywell, Hosset, Ishikawajima, and others accounted for 90% of the high-end market share.
VNT: Key to Realize National IV Emission Standard for Turbocharged Engine
Turbocharging technology has become an effective technology to increase engine power and torque, reduce fuel consumption, and meet emission standards. According to reports, the existing turbocharger technology can meet the requirements of the National II and National III emission standards, but it cannot easily meet the national IV or even higher emission standards. Engine emissions are upgraded to the National IV standard and can be achieved through different technical routes: First, a supercharger with a bypass valve, a VNT (variable section supercharger) or two-stage supercharging. Second, SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) is used. This can be achieved through the internal purification means to reduce NOX, particulate emissions. Third, cooling EGR+EOC (oxidation catalyst).
Industry experts believe that the National IV emission standard is a huge challenge to the turbocharger industry in China as well as the entire internal combustion engine industry. Well-known foreign companies and research institutes have proven that VNT can achieve the upgrading of China III emission standards to the national IV emission standards, but VNT or two-stage booster systems are more complex and it takes time to overcome technical difficulties.
Variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT), also known as VGT (variable geometry cross-sectional turbocharger). The structure of this supercharger is to distribute a streamlined guide vane on the inner nozzle ring of the volute. When the engine is running at a high speed, the exhaust gas flows through the largest cross-section. At this time, there is no difference with an ordinary supercharger. When the VNT is at a low speed, the guide vanes will open the cross-section through which the exhaust gas passes through. Because of the effect of the exhaust throttling, the back pressure of the exhaust gas before the vortex increases, and a large pressure difference is formed after the vortex is vortexed and flows through. The flow velocity of the exhaust gas from the blades is increased, which drives the turbine blades to rotate faster and makes the compressor-side boost pressure higher than that of a conventional turbocharger. In this way, the problem of insufficient intake air at low engine speeds can be solved and the torque can be increased.
In gasoline engines with variable-section turbochargers, the heart of the turbocharger system is a guide vane with adjustable vortex section. These guide vanes can be closed under low speed, low displacement conditions to increase the engine's intake pressure. Compared to conventional turbochargers, the response time and acceleration at low speeds are greatly improved. Gasoline engines with variable turbine cross-section technology are significantly more efficient at high and low speeds than with standard bleeder-type turbochargers. Correspondingly, the fuel economy in each speed range is also improved.
The common TDI system on the market uses the Garrett Garret VNT15 variable-section turbocharger, which has a faster response than the old product (although the previous model has a slight boost hysteresis). The scope of action is broader, and at the same time it does not cause problems with exhaust gas pressure.
Satisfying emission standards requires not only boosting supercharging technology, but also improving the fuel system, post-processing equipment, and even in-cylinder combustion technology. Domestic enterprises have completely solved the difficulty in boosting supercharger technology. Micro, light and medium- and heavy-duty trucks each have corresponding booster technology, and there are no difficulties in production, but they need to adjust processing technology and equipment.