In the second half of 2008, under the impact of the international financial crisis, the European, American and Japanese auto markets fell. Benefiting from the Chinese government’s package of economic stimulus policies, China’s auto production and sales volume exceeded 13 million units in one fell swoop in 2009, becoming the world’s largest car producer and consumer of new cars. In the first quarter of 2010, it continued its strong sales momentum in 2009. The general view in the industry is that, driven by private consumption, the Chinese auto market is expected to maintain a longer period of growth.
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There is no doubt that China is currently a major country in the production and consumption of automobiles in the true sense of the word. This “quantity†is the number one priority if no accidents will be maintained for a long time. Has become the number of the world's first and China's major pillar industries of the automotive industry, the next step in the development of the goal is undoubtedly a car power, which has basically become the consensus of the government and the business community. The author believes that in contrast to Germany, Japan, the United States and other automobile powers, China's auto industry must achieve great development and achieve sustainable development. The following five major issues must be solved.
First, independent innovation and the development of independent brands.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the construction of self-owned brands for automobiles in China. Not only has it continued to maintain its dominant market position in the commercial vehicle sector, but significant progress has also been made in the field of passenger cars with passenger cars as the main representative. However, in the field of cars, foreign brands still dominate (the market share exceeds 2/3), and the product layout is mainly in the mid-range and high-end cars with relatively high profits, while Chery? Gillie? BYD? Brilliance and other major self-owned cars The company's products are mainly concentrated in the low-cost, low-profit economical car sector. In addition, China's self-owned brand auto companies still have a huge gap in comparison with Volkswagen, Toyota, General Motors, Ford and other world-class multinational companies in terms of production scale, R&D capacity, management level, profitability, brand management, and parts and components. According to the statistics of the International Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), in 2008 China’s own-brand auto companies ranked the 20th in the world’s production rankings, and their output was only about 7% of Toyota’s. Under the background of market opening up and the localization of foreign-funded enterprises, the market competition environment for autonomous brand auto companies is becoming increasingly severe.
At present, independent innovation has become a national strategy. Central and local governments have formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to promote independent innovation and develop their own brands. The major auto enterprise groups have placed their own brand development in the company's core strategy and continuously improved their own development capabilities. With the promotion of national policies and joint ventures with the Chinese side, some Sino-foreign joint ventures have also started to develop their own brands. Driven by policies and markets, the market share of auto brands is expected to expand further.
Second, energy-saving emission reduction issues.
At present, the global automotive industry is facing enormous challenges in energy and environmental issues. To achieve sustainable development in the automotive industry, it is necessary to solve the problems of energy conservation and environmental protection. In recent years, Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries and regions have continuously improved the energy-saving and environmental protection requirements of automotive products and vigorously supported the development of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. China has also adopted “energy saving and emission reduction†as a national policy and has intensified efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction. In recent years, the Chinese government has formulated and implemented a series of measures including automobile exhaust emission control and fuel economy standards, oil consumption publicity systems, and reforms of the fuel tax system. The auto industry has achieved remarkable results in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, there are still a series of outstanding problems: First, the fuel consumption and emission levels of bicycles are still far behind those of Europe, Japan, and other advanced countries. The implementation time of exhaust emission standards lags behind that of Europe for five years; second, the large displacement of vehicle sales. The proportion of passenger cars and sports passenger cars (SUVs) is too high, and the proportion of small-displacement vehicles is too low. Third, although domestic enterprises have made great progress in new energy R&D and industrialization, they are not compared with European, American, Japanese, and multinational companies. Advantages, such as batteries, motors and other special parts can not meet the needs of the vehicle, some companies are keen to introduce foreign products or technologies, ignoring their own capacity building.
In analysis, there are three main reasons for this: First, the government's policy guidance and support is not enough (such as the tax system is unreasonable), and there is no established energy management system for automotive products that is in line with international standards; second, domestic companies have weak technical capabilities. Enterprises unilaterally pursue the expansion of production and sales scale and increase profits (such as relying too much on joint ventures). Third, some consumers have unscientific consumption concepts, follow-up consumption and conspicuous consumption phenomena.
At present, the situation of China's auto industry in energy conservation, emission reduction, and responding to climate change is still very serious and the task is arduous. The automobile industry must focus on improving fuel economy, reducing exhaust emissions, and improving product safety as the focus of technological development. It will develop and promote energy-saving and new energy vehicles as a strategic measure to ease the contradiction between auto consumption, energy supply and environmental protection, and realize industry and society. Coordinated development.
Third, mergers and reorganization issues.
However, in recent years, the overall concentration of production in the vehicle industry has not changed substantially. From 2003 to 2009, the production concentration of the first three auto groups remained basically unchanged (around 48%), while the top 10 companies increased from 79.9% to 87.2%. The merger and reorganization of the auto parts industry has not yet achieved a breakthrough, and there have been no more than 10 parts and components companies with annual sales of more than 10 billion yuan. The main reasons for the slow progress of merger and reorganization in the automotive industry are as follows: First, due to institutional and mechanism reasons, the enthusiasm of local regions in support of local enterprises in expanding production capacity and accelerating development remains high, and the willingness to promote cross-regional joint restructuring of enterprises is not strong. Second, major auto multinational companies have established joint ventures in China and formed a complex Chinese-foreign cooperation framework. Third, the lack of market competition caused by the rapid growth of the market has also greatly delayed the pace of withdrawal of inferior companies.
Fourth, the "going out" issue.
In recent years, more and more auto and parts companies have implemented overseas market strategies. Many companies have invested and built factories abroad. Some parts and components companies have entered the global supporting system of multinational companies, and the scale of auto products exports has expanded rapidly. In 2008, China's auto exports reached 681,000, accounting for 7.3% of the total output; auto and parts exports exceeded 40 billion US dollars. However, affected by the international financial crisis, automobile exports rapidly turned from high-speed growth to sharp negative growth in the second half of 2008, which fell by nearly 40% year-on-year in the fourth quarter; in 2009, exports of automobiles and parts decreased by 16.8% year-on-year, and automobile exports dropped sharply. 46 %. Since 2010, with the recovery of the global economy, China's auto exports have resumed positive growth.
Although China’s auto industry has achieved “going global†despite certain achievements, the quantity and quality of “going out†are not quite the same as those of Germany, Japan, and other automobile powers. The main problems currently facing are: First, the overall competitiveness of vehicle companies remains overall. The requirements of the developed countries in Europe, America, Japan and the United States have not been met. At present, there is no product of a self-owned brand automobile company that has entered the above-mentioned developed countries and regions in bulk. Second, some companies are too eager to pursue the short-term benefits of exports, neglecting the construction of brands and service networks, and vicious competition and quality problems have also occurred from time to time. Thirdly, the export of parts and components is dominated by foreign-funded enterprises, and the proportion of processing trade is too high. In 2009, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises' exports was about 60%, and processing trade exports accounted for about 50%.
V. Traffic safety and congestion issues.
With the popularization of automobiles, the rapid increase in car ownership, traffic accidents remains high, and traffic congestion in large and medium-sized cities has become increasingly serious.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, in 2009 there were 238,000 road accidents in the country, causing 68,000 deaths, 275,000 injuries, and direct property losses of 910 million yuan. According to statistics, the number of deaths from traffic accidents in China has been ranked first in the world for the past decade, far exceeding the United States where vehicle ownership is four times that of China. According to the analysis, the reasons for the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents are, on the one hand, drivers and pedestrians have weak security concepts, unreasonable roads and related facilities, and lax enforcement of traffic management. However, poor vehicle safety technology is also an important reason. Foreign experience shows that continuously improving vehicle safety standards and improving vehicle safety performance are effective ways to reduce traffic safety accidents.
The popularization of automobiles has also led to an increasingly tense traffic situation in some large and medium-sized cities. Traffic jams have become increasingly serious in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, which has reduced the efficiency and speed of car use, and has caused inconvenience to people's travel. The main causes of urban traffic congestion are: First, the urban structure and road construction planning are backward, the growth rate of roads (area and length) is much lower than the increase in the number of cars; second, the mixed traffic of people, non-motor vehicles, and motor vehicles. Seriously, the construction of public transportation such as rail transit lags behind; third, the technology and level of traffic management are backward. To solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, we should learn from foreign experience, according to China's national conditions, adapt to local conditions, scientific planning and management.
Automobiles are “machines that change the worldâ€. The popularity of automobiles will not only change people’s travel and lifestyle, but also have a major impact on urban and rural structures and urban construction. At the same time, the popularity of automobiles will inevitably bring security, congestion, and parking. And other traffic problems. To build a powerful automobile country and to become an automobile society must learn from international experience and solve these problems scientifically.