Basic understanding of open pit mining

Open-pit mining generally requires steps such as ground preparation, bed dewatering and drainage, mine infrastructure, mine production and surface restoration.

(1) Ground preparation

Ground preparation refers to the removal of various obstacles within the mining area and the establishment of ground facilities, such as land acquisition and demolition, felling trees, river reconstruction, lake dewatering, seven-pass and one-level (through water, water, electricity, communication, ventilation) , heat, access, level the ground) and so on.

(2) Dewatering and drainage of deposits

In the mining of large deposits of groundwater, in order to ensure the normal production of open pit mines, it is necessary to pre-exclude groundwater within a certain mining range, that is, to carry out dewatering work, and to take measures such as interception to isolate the inflow of surface water. The dewatering and drainage of the deposit is not completed once, but runs through the entire production cycle of the open pit.

(3) Mine infrastructure

The mine infrastructure work is the necessary construction work to ensure production before the open pit mine is put into production, including digging in and out of the ditch and opening trenches, stripping rocks, laying transport routes, constructing dumping sites, purchasing necessary production and living facilities, and building industrial plants and Welfare facilities such as water and electricity. The access ditch is a sloping transport path for the connection between the surface and the working level and the working level, and the excavation is carried out on the side of the step; the open ditch is excavated at each level to open the mining work line. Horizontal channel.

(4) Mine production

Mine production is the process of investing manpower, material resources and financial resources in ore mining, including the most important projects in trench mining, stripping and mining. The main processes are basically the same, generally including perforation, blasting, and loading. , transportation, dumping and other processes.

(5) Surface restoration

With the increasing emphasis on environmental issues and the increasing shortage of land resources, the land occupied by open pit mining or the destruction of the ecological environment will be planned for restoration or ecological reconstruction at the end of production or during production. The social obligations of the enterprise. Surface restoration pathways include: land cover, aquaculture, Tiantang phase, pasture grassland structure, afforestation, soil and water conservation vegetation, water tourism, construction land, reservoir construction, comprehensive development, etc.

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