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When the scale of operation encounters the elderly, the agricultural and rural labor force highlights the "worry of generations"
[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] With the development of urbanization, more and more rural populations are moving to cities, and the loss of rural population and aging are accelerating. The elderly and children are left in the countryside, causing the land to be uncultivated. In Chongqing, many of the new types of agricultural business employers employ more than 60 years of age, and there are also a handful of farmers who are still working in agriculture in their 70s and 80s. When the scale of operation encounters the agriculture of the elderly, all kinds of shackles highlight the "worry of the generations" of the rural labor force.
When the scale of operation encounters the elderly, the agricultural and rural labor force highlights the "worry of generations"
"A work injury, half a year profit bubble"
In Batang Town, Laoshan District, Chongqing City, Liu Deyi, a large vegetable peasant, recently encountered an annoyance. The village transferred the land to his six elderly people to come to the door and asked to work in the vegetable field. Otherwise, the land will be taken back next year. In the face of these white-haired and old-aged people who are over 65 years old, Liu Deyi feels that the two sides are in a dilemma: let them come. The big family and the farmers have not signed the contract, and they can’t buy the work-related injury insurance. If something happens when they work, who will lose it? Let's not let it come, the piece of vegetable land will become a "flower arrangement place", and it will be inconvenient to cultivate later.
In order to cope with the risk of farming for the elderly, many large farmers have taken precautions in advance. In Changping Village, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, the average age of farmers employed by Wang Wei, a large kiwifruit grower, is over 65 years old. Seven or eight of them suffer from high blood pressure. For this reason, he has a sphygmomanometer for the elderly who work in the base. Before, you must measure it once.
Wang Wei said: "At present, rural labor is in short supply. Even elderly people are not easy to find. As long as we have been working as cooperative workers, we all leave a phone call and look for them when we have farm work. In fact, senior farmers can’t do much farm work in one day. We are willing to hire a daily salary of 150 yuan, but no one is willing to come."
Old-age farmers have suffered from agricultural and industrial accidents, causing many large agricultural households to be "very hurt." Sun Changwu, a large grain grower in Mingyue Village, Linjiang Town, Kai County, transferred more than 900 mu of land to grow grain. During the busy season, most of the people employed were elderly people. "When spraying pesticides on rice in the summer and doing field management, you should repeatedly slap them: if you can't move, you can find a cool place, 'I want to play and play.' Otherwise, I can't afford the heat stroke." Sun Changwu said, " In 2013, when a 70-year-old farmer weeded the ground, the pelvic bone fractured and the medical expenses cost more than 40,000 yuan. 'Eat off' the profit of nearly half of my grain."
New agricultural risks: new technologies and new equipment are difficult to promote
The impact of old-age agriculture on scale management is also that some extensive planting methods have replaced traditional intensive cultivation, and at the same time, it has made it difficult to promote new agricultural production techniques and new processes, and it is difficult to effectively increase labor productivity.
For example, in the traditional agricultural production in the southwest hilly agricultural areas, farmers often plow the fields after the autumn harvest and store the water into winter paddy fields, which will lay the foundation for the next year. However, in recent years, due to the large demand and high cost of ploughing work in winter paddy fields, in addition to a few winter paddy fields in many areas of Chongqing, relying on the government's winter and spring water conservancy investment construction, farmers basically gave up this investment, and the winter water padding and leakage problems are relatively high. Serious, it is difficult to exert the benefits, and to some extent, affect agricultural production.
When busy farming, Sun Changwu wanted to hire more than 30 people. He said: "In the past, farmers planted rice. After the autumn harvest, they had to plow two or three times. They would protect the water for the next spring. But now they can't afford it, and the labor intensity is too high. The elderly people can't afford it. â€
"The peasants are too old, their ability to accept new things is weak, their enthusiasm for learning is not high, and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment has become a major problem," said Zhang Cunbin, director of the Kaizhu Village Committee of Kaixian County, Chongqing.
“Agricultural technology departments should promote the new agricultural techniques such as precision sowing, cultivating alfalfa, rice-raising and pitching, etc., before and after spring ploughing, but the working peasants are old and difficult to accept. In Hechuan, Chongqing's agricultural region, local agricultural technology cadres said that, in the case of precision sowing, this crop planting method can achieve high yield, but because of the high labor intensity of planting, the skill is more complicated, and many older farmers tend to Not easy to master or unwilling to learn.
Tang Yunyi, a large grain-growing household in Rongchang District of Chongqing, has transferred more than 2,000 mu of paddy fields, requiring uniform planting of good varieties, unified prevention and control of pests and diseases, unified application of organic fertilizers, and uniform machine-grinding, which have higher requirements for farmers' quality. Tang Yunyi said: "Now the average age of farmers is over 60 years old. The elderly are unfamiliar with rotary tillers and transplanters. Far from being young people to get up so fast, mechanized sowing and transplanting are difficult."
Labor shortage affects the progress of spring ploughing
"At present, the lack of agricultural work is mainly concentrated in the spring ploughing season. When the farmers need to grab the farmer's hands, most of the young and strong labor in the village go out to work." Liu Zhongzhi, a large grain grower in Guangming Village, Shijie Town, Fuling District, said: "When spring farming, many large households are employed everywhere. Labor wages are more than 50% higher than that of free time. A short-term one-day wage is priced at more than 90 yuan. Farmers make two or three hundred yuan in one mu of land. If you spend a lot of money to hire workers, there is no surplus."
Chen Liujiang, a large grain grower in Kaixian County, said that the gradual promotion of agricultural machinery can also alleviate the adverse effects of labor shortage to a certain extent. However, if there are heavy rains, droughts and other disasters during spring ploughing, it will need more when it comes to robbing farmers. Manpower, labor shortage is obvious.
Sometimes even if you can afford the wages, you can't hire enough labor. In Tongliang District of Chongqing City, the farmer Xiaolong formed an agricultural cooperative, and transferred more than 1,800 mu of land to grow vegetables. The daily labor is about 300 people, and there is still a 30% employment gap in the peak period of employment.
"The monthly salary paid by the cooperative to the employees has risen to 2,000 yuan per month. Although the wages have risen every year, most of them can still be women or the elderly. Many human resources can't work, and the production efficiency and progress will be reduced. Xiaolong said that even if his salary is doubled, he is willing to recruit young people to work. They are more efficient and work hard, but no one wants to come.
(Original title: the amount of blood pressure under the ground, the grain is afraid of work-related injuries: the rural labor force "worry of generations" highlights)