What are the characteristics of solid-liquid separation of chemical beneficiation? Which methods are commonly used?

In the leaching process, the transfer of the target component from the solid phase to the liquid phase is achieved, and then the solid-liquid two-phase separation operation is performed to discard the tailings and obtain the leachate for the next operation. However, in some cases, it is also possible to carry out the next operation without leaching the slurry, such as carbon slurry adsorption, precipitation-flotation, displacement-flotation, and finally to obtain qualified concentrate with less water content. Separated by solid and liquid.

Compared with physical beneficiation , the solid-liquid separation of chemical beneficiation has the following characteristics.

(1) The slurry tends to be highly corrosive, so attention should be paid to the choice of equipment materials, such as dilute sulfuric acid medium, all kinds of trough equipment lined with acid-resistant bricks, acid-resistant ceramic sheets, acid-resistant rubber, epoxy glass steel, polyvinyl chloride and metals such as aluminum, stainless steel may be used provided the acid-resistant steel pipe when conditions. The nitric acid medium is basically the same. For hydrochloric acid and chloride medium, chemical enamel is commonly used as a reactor due to the special corrosive action of chloride ions. General alkaline medium sump concentrated sulfuric acid and steel products can be used.

(2) Solid particles are generally thinner than those of physical beneficiation, and often contain some colloidal particles. Therefore, solid-liquid separation in chemical beneficiation is often more difficult to dehydrate than physical beneficiation products; chemical precipitates are often crystalline and sometimes amorphous. The product has a finer particle size and it is more difficult to separate solid and liquid. In general, the coarser the particle size, the better the separation. Therefore, in the leaching stage, it is not only possible to increase the leaching rate and the fineness of the grinding is too fine, and it is difficult to take into consideration the solid-liquid separation. In addition, the slurry concentration is too low (such as 10%) is not suitable for direct filtration, it should be concentrated first.

(3) Solid-liquid separation of chemical beneficiation Since the separated solid fraction (filter cake or underflow) inevitably entrains a considerable amount of solution, this part of the solution contains the target component and the concentration of the liquid phase in the graded material. Similarly, in order to improve the recovery of the component of interest or the grade of the product, the solid portion is washed.

The method of solid-liquid separation of chemical beneficiation is roughly the same as the method of deionization of concentrate by physical beneficiation, and the following methods are commonly used.

1 Gravity sedimentation method allows the solid particles to settle by gravity to obtain a process of concentration of the supernatant and the underflow. Commonly used equipment includes sedimentation tanks, various concentrators, fluidization towers, and classifiers.

2 Filtration method It is the same as the concentrate filtration method of physical beneficiation. It is the most widely used method for solid-liquid separation of chemical beneficiation and is a common method for obtaining clear liquid. Commonly used equipment is various types of filters.

3 Centrifugal separation method It is a method of sedimenting and filtering solid particles by centrifugal force. Commonly used equipments are hydrocyclones, centrifugal sedimentation and centrifugal filters.

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