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The European INTELWIND R&D team, which is coordinated by the UK's General Directorate and the European Union’s innovative small and medium-sized enterprises and scientific and technological communities, has developed a smart monitoring system that significantly reduces the accident rate of wind turbines. That is, an intelligent monitoring system that can be easily embedded into a new wind power turbine and can easily meet the original turbine installation requirements. The team has achieved results in the near future.
The first wind turbine, which converts wind energy into electricity, is different from a windmill (used to pump or grind grains). It was built in 1887 by Professor James Blyth of Anderson College in Glasgow (now Strathclyde University). Blyth experimented with three different turbine designs, and finally built a 10m high, cloth bladed wind turbine and built it in his holiday villa garden in Marykirk, Kimcat County. It is said that this wind turbine has been operating for 25 years.
Professor Blyth’s invention marked the beginning of the development of wind turbines. Subsequently, the American inventor Charles Brush built a wind turbine in 1888. The wind turbine has a power of 12kW and has 144 Chinese fir blades. Each blade has a rotating diameter of 17m.
Then in the 1890s, Poulla Cour, a Danish scientist, began work on construction. By 1900 he had built about 2,500 turbines with a total generating capacity of 30 MW. In addition to generating electricity, La Cour's wind turbines can also produce hydrogen.
Since then, millions of wind turbines have been built around the world, mainly in the Midwest of the United States, where wind turbines are used to drive irrigation pumps. By 1931, the pioneer of the first modern horizontal-axis wind turbine was put into operation in Yalta, Russia. The machine has a power generation capacity of 100kW, a tower height of 30m and a load factor of 32%. In 1941, the world’s first 1.25MW turbine started generating electricity at Knob Wind Power Station in Grandpa, Castleton, Vermont.
In the mid-1950s, Denmark built the first modern wind turbine. According to the Danish Wind Industry Association (DWIA), the 200kW Gedser wind turbine was built in 1956 and the construction leader was Johannes Juul, an engineer at SEAS Power (located on the Gedser coast in southern Denmark). SEAS Power Company stated that the concept of a three-bladed upwind turbine with an electromechanical biased synchronous generator is a pioneering design for modern wind turbines, although its rotors and tensioners today look somewhat out of date. The wind turbine was stalled; Juul invented an emergency air-powered tip brake, which was released by the center pressure when the wind speed was too high. The company stated that, in fact, modern stalled wind turbines use the same system today, and mentioned that Juul's wind turbines were built for 11 years without maintenance.
After the first oil crisis in 1973, wind energy entered a new stage of development. Denmark, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries are competing to design larger wind turbines. In 1979, Danish developers successfully built two 630MW wind turbines, a variable pitch type and a stalled type. DWIA stated: "In many cases, they face the same fate as larger wind turbines overseas. Wind turbines are becoming more and more expensive, so high energy prices have become the key argument against wind energy."
A 2 MW floating wind turbine was tested near the coast and is expected to begin operation this fall. According to reports, WindFloat technology can reduce the motion generated by waves and turbines, and can use wind energy in more than 50m deep seawater in addition to the wind turbine development process (intended to improve efficiency and reduce costs), and other aspects of energy supply infrastructure development. It will also have an impact on the application of wind energy. The development of more intelligent power grids will help smooth the integration and dispatch of large-scale and small-scale wind power generation. At the same time, important components of the power grid will be more widely used for energy storage.
Nowadays, most modern wind turbine designs are still categorized according to the rotor blade configuration. There are two main types: horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). More than 90% of the wind turbines currently in operation are designed for HAWT. Dr. Rigoberto Chincilla, associate professor of applied engineering and technology at Eastern Illinois University, according to his point of view, one of the main reasons that HAWT currently dominates the market is that the blade layout can fully interact with the wind, which greatly increases the power factor of modern HAWT.
However, Dr. Rigoberto Chincilla stated that HAWT also has several unfavorable factors. One thing in common is the loud noise. Wideband noise (mainly from aerodynamic phenomena such as air flow around blades, hubs, and towers) and tonal noise (mainly from mechanical components) can generate 58dBA (slightly higher than ambient noise) to 108dBA (equivalent to Boeing 707) Sound pressure level in the range of 1 mile before the landing of the DC-8 aircraft. Another disadvantage is that the HAWT looks a bit obtrusive.
There are also three major technical limitations of HAWT. As described in an article published by Dr. Chinchilla, HAWT cannot withstand turbulent airflow in the urban environment, and it cannot withstand high wind speeds because large turbines must shake (rotate) the blades with the wind and reach a speed of 55 miles per hour (mph). ) Brake when left and right.
The R&D team uses the world’s most advanced sensing technology and wireless transmission technologies, including automatic control technology, to monitor the rotating components of wind turbines in real time, implementing a series of technologies such as sound detection, mechanical vibration, torque sensing, oil temperature sensing, and The integration of detection techniques such as oil particle counting to effectively monitor the operation of turbine gearboxes, generator bearings, yaw systems and blade assemblies in real time, avoids major accidental failure of wind turbines.
EU develops intelligent monitoring system for wind turbines to market
[China Instrument Network Industry Focus] At present, the wind power target determined by the EU energy development strategy is that by 2020, wind power will account for 12% of the one-time total energy consumption structure; by 2030, it will account for the total energy consumption structure. 20%. The achievement of this goal will mean the operation and maintenance of a large number of large-scale wind farms. The intelligent real-time monitoring system for wind turbines is imperative.