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Cultivated land rotation system should pay attention to comparative efficiency and income security
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In order to promote sustainable agricultural development and arable land recuperation, while balancing the contradiction between grain supply and demand and stabilizing farmers' income, the 13th Five-Year Plan outlines the pilot of the implementation of the arable land rotation system, the 2016 and 2017 Central No.1 The document has also made specific deployment arrangements.
Cultivated land rotation system should pay attention to comparative efficiency and income security
In order to do a good job of pilot work, in 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture and the 10 departments jointly issued the “Pilot Program for Exploring the Implementation of the Farmland Rotation Fallow Systemâ€. The central government allocated 1.436 billion yuan of funds to carry out the trial of rotation in the northeast cold region and the northern farming and pastoral zone. 5 million mu, 1.16 million mu of fallow pilots were implemented in the groundwater funnel area, heavy metal contaminated areas and ecologically degraded areas. In 2017, it added 10 million mu and 2 million mu respectively. Judging from the pilot situation, positive results have been achieved in promoting the working mechanism of rotation and fallow, technical model integration, and policy framework construction. For example, in the technical mode, the “one main†and the “multi-auxiliary†are combined in the rotation area. The “one main†is the corn and soybean round as the main, and the “multi-auxiliary†is the implementation of corn and potato, miscellaneous grains, oil crops, Rotation of crops such as vegetables and forage. In the rotation, pay attention to comparative benefits, so that farmers' crops can not be reduced. In fallow, paying attention to income security is basically equivalent to land transfer costs. These have accumulated valuable experience for further expanding the trial of fallow fallow.
However, it must be clearly realized that although the rotation of fallow is theoretically mature, it is still a new practice for all localities, and there is no ready-made experience to draw on. Some problems have also been highlighted in the pilot. For example, the enthusiasm of farmers is not high, the rotation mode is not reasonable, the selection criteria for fallow land are not uniform, and the rotation of fallow monitoring is difficult to cover. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to preventing “non-agricultural†and “long-term†of cultivated land. Two tendencies.
The first is to prevent the "non-agricultural" tendency of cultivated land. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the "Notes on the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development"" that "the pilot should be carried out to ensure national food security and not affect farmers' income." Premise, fallow can't reduce cultivated land, non-agriculturalization, weaken the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and ensure that food can be produced and supplied when it is used urgently." Therefore, it is necessary to prevent some places from changing the land use and occupation by taking the name of fallow. The reality of arable land, non-agriculturalization. There are some misunderstandings in the area that need to be clarified: for example, in the groundwater funnel area, heavy metal pollution areas, and ecologically degraded areas, some fall into the area, and some think that these areas are not suitable for cultivation. If they are used for other purposes, such as building industrial parks, Greater comparative benefit. For example, in the rotation area, the intention is to adjust the soil environment and improve the soil ecology through rotation, and to achieve combination and sustainable use. However, some places think that planting grain can be used as planting flowers, seedlings, or even digging fish ponds and building Sightseeing gardens, etc., lead to greater consumption of ground power.
The second is to prevent the "long break" tendency of cultivated land. The purpose of fallow is to restore the land through overhaul. However, long-term fallow or even land reclamation will not only restore the ground force, but will also lead to a decline in ground power. The guiding role of policy in this regard is very obvious. For example, in Taiwan, China, the farmer households in fallows are given a subsidy of 10,000 yuan per hectare, and the fallow subsidy plus the old farmer's subsidy has a net income much higher than that of farming. Therefore, in recent years, the area for applying for fallow has become larger and larger, accounting for about one-fourth of the cultivated land. After the farmers received the fallow subsidy, they were neglected in farmland management. On the one hand, many good fields became wasteland, and the soil power continued to decline. Pests and rodents are produced in large quantities, affecting neighboring fields and affecting normal crop production. At present, because the fallow subsidies are far greater than the income of the grain, some places in Hebei and other places have already clashed for fallow. It should be recognized that fallow is not a simple matter, nor is it an indefinite period of rest. Instead, it needs to plant green manure and other crops on fallow land, and use straw to return to the field to promote soil organic matter improvement and fertility. .
At present, we must pay close attention to the relationship between the fallow subsidy standards and the enthusiasm of farmers and the scale of operation. We must not influence the enthusiasm of farmers because of the low subsidies, nor can they affect the development of scale operations too high. It is necessary to explore the rotation mode, technical standards and land selection methods suitable for different regions, establish a scientific and reasonable monitoring system, and realize the full coverage of the rotation for fallow monitoring. It is necessary to learn from the experiences and lessons of other countries and regions, and make early plans for the problems that may arise in the future of the fallow fallow.
Rotation of fallow is an important starting point for promoting the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture and the construction of ecological civilization. It is necessary to have a global perspective and plan it in the overall situation of economic and social development. Rotational fallows are related to the sustainable development of “agriculture, rural areas and farmersâ€. We must deal with all aspects of food production, farmers' income, and rural reforms, and really do a good job.