a copper-lead polymetallic ore float-heavy combined ore miner

Copper, Lead Jiama a plurality of metal sulfide ore region of low copper lead sulfide, complex type natural minerals, mineral structure and diverse configuration, mineral association close object, another serious package, difficult processing of ores. Combined with the actual production, comparing the copper-lead separation effect of the whole flotation and floating-weight combined process, comprehensive consideration of the decision to use the flotation-re-election process to separate copper and lead, after the production into production, the results are satisfactory.

First, the nature of the ore

(1) Mineral composition

The multi-lead metallic minerals copper sulfide ore mainly chalcopyrite, content of 9%, content chalcocite and bornite total of 1%, 2% content of galena, sphalerite content of 1%, pyrite content of 4% and the remaining arsenopyrite, hematite are trace. The main gangue minerals are garnet, diopside , tremolite , calcite , wollastonite, etc.

(2) Characteristics of ore

The identification of rock ore shows that chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite are the main purpose minerals, all of which are in the form of granules, or symbiotic together, or distributed separately in gangue minerals, which have intertwined phenomenon. The majority of these packages are below 0.043 mm and are difficult to dissociate during the grinding process. The chalcopyrite is finely grained in the coarse-grained pyrite crystals, or symbiotic with chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, or microscopic veins along the chalcopyrite fissure. There are two kinds of pyrite, one with a small particle size, generally below 0.2mm, which is self-shaped to semi-self-shaped granular, mainly cubic, and a larger particle size generally is self-shaped to semi-self-shaped in 0.5~6mm. ~ It is granular, mainly cubic, more common inner ring zone, more copper ore and a small amount of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite inclusions, and some of the minerals of the target mineral The distribution is strictly controlled by the inner annulus, which is the crevice of the pyrite after the crystallization of the crack and the ring structure.

(3) Chemical composition

The chemical analysis of the ore and the phase analysis of copper in the ore are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

Table 1 Raw ore chemical composition /%

Table 2 Results of chemical phase analysis of copper in ore

Second, the beneficiation process comparison

(1) Full flotation process

The content of sulphide ore in the ore is not high, and the minerals that can be recovered are copper, lead and silver . The copper and lead are closely symbiotic and are wrapped together. The full-mix flotation can be used as early as possible in the coarser grinding fineness, which has the advantages of high metal recovery rate, less dosage, and simple process. The mixed flotation process has strong adaptability to the type change of ore, and the experience is mature and can be used for reference. The best process is determined by the experiment of different grinding fineness, different dosages and dosages, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Flotation copper and lead separation process

In this process, a low-toxicity formula is adopted, sodium silicate + carboxymethyl cellulose + TE28 is used instead of zinc sulfate + sodium cyanide to inhibit zinc floating copper, reducing pollution and being inexpensive. Using Z-200 as a collector , although it is beneficial to improve the grade of copper concentrate, but the price is high, the ore dressing index is not increased much (29.94% of copper grade when using X-ray medicine, 30.99% of copper grade when Z-200), so Still using hepatitis B as a collector. The removal of copper-lead mixed concentrate before separation, the best effect of activated carbon, but its amount is very sensitive, the results show that when the amount of activated carbon is about 500g / t, the grade of copper concentrate can reach more than 27%, lead in copper concentrate The grade can be reduced to below 4%, and the specific indicators are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Test results of copper and lead separation by flotation

1) The grade is g/t.

It can be seen from Table 3 that the yield of tailings is 87.05%, and the grades of copper, lead and silver are 0.19%, 0.14% and 10.98g/t, respectively. The total flotation tailing amount is large and relatively successful. The grades of copper and lead concentrates increased from 2.88% and 1.05% of the original ore to 27.17% and 9.26%, respectively. The increase was large and the flotation process was successful. The lead content of copper concentrate is relatively high, probably because the particle size of the mineral particle inclusions is too small and the dissociation is difficult.

(2) Floating-weight joint process

Considering the large difference in density between copper and lead minerals, it is possible to re-elect. After the full flotation-partial mixing pre-selection, the copper-lead concentrate of Jingsan is re-selected and separated. The process of re-election of copper-lead concentrate is shown in Figure 2, and the flotation section is the same as Figure 1.

Figure 2 Copper-lead concentrate re-separation process

In the float-heavy combined sorting process, the test results under different grinding fineness were compared again, and the indexes of grinding fineness -74 μm accounting for 75% and 60% are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Separation of copper and lead results from the combined process of floating weight

1) The grade is g/t.

It can be seen from Table 4 that after the combined operation of float-and-weight, the copper and lead grades all meet the requirements, and the lead content in the copper concentrate is further reduced, and the separation effect is obvious. Under the grinding fineness of -74μm 60%, there is little difference between the index and the copper concentrate index under the 75% fineness. From practical considerations, the -74μm 60% grinding fineness is adopted.

Third, the conclusion

The copper-lead polymetallic sulfide ore containing 2.88% copper, 1.02% lead, 0.29% zinc, 3.60% sulfur and 49g/t silver was treated by a float-heavy combined sorting process. The yield of lead concentrate was 0.43%, and the grade was 61.12%. The silver grade is 726.88g/t, and the copper grade is 3.83%. The yield of copper concentrate is 12.79%, the grade is 21.05%, the silver grade is 286.30g/t, the lead content is 4.59%, the recovery rate of copper is up to 93.40%, and the total recovery of silver is 81.11%. Compared with the full flotation process, the floating-weight combined process has the advantages of simple process, low investment, low equipment, low production cost, environmental protection and large processing capacity. Applied to actual production, the indicators are stable and the benefits are obvious.

references

[1] Wang Dianzuo. Principle and application of flotation agent [M]. Jing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1982: 201-222.

[2] Hu Weibai. Flotation [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1989: 301-314.

Author unit

Northwest Non-ferrous Geological Exploration Bureau (Liu Lijun, Wei Yaru)

Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (Xie Jianhong)

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